India’s population of 142.86 crore is the world’s largest, comprising 17.78% of global population. Fertility rates have declined from 6.18 children per woman in 1950 to 2.01 in 2022. Punjab and southern states have the lowest rates, while Bihar leads with the highest. Comparatively, South Korea’s rate is 0.78, and China’s is 1.18. India’s rate is projected to fall to 1.29 by 2050, raising concerns about an ageing population. India Today
World population