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Women

Fertility and reproduction

Trends in age at menarche in low- and middle-income countries

May 21, 2021March 1, 2021 Tiziana Leone and Laura Brown
Fertility, Health, menarche, Reproduction, Women, world, Youth

Understanding the timing and determinants of age at menarche is key to determining potential linkages between onset of puberty and health outcomes from a lifecourse perspective. Tiziana Leone and Laura … Read more

Health and mortality

Markedly lower child mortality in Malawi and Uganda with more educated mothers

March 14, 2021April 20, 2020 Liliana Andriano and Christiaan Monden
Africa, Children, Education, Mortality, population, Women

Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys, Liliana Andriano and Christiaan Monden show that, everything else equal, each additional year of maternal schooling reduces children’s probability of dying before age … Read more

Gender issues

Free childcare could increase African women’s economic empowerment

March 10, 2021December 2, 2019 Shelley Clark, Caroline Kabiru, Sonia Laszlo and Stella Muthuri
Africa, Children, Gender issues, Women, Work

Offering free daycare services could substantially increase female employment in Africa. Results from a randomized control trial conducted by Shelley Clark, Caroline Kabiru, Sonia Laszlo, and Stella Muthuri in an … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Is the traditional gender-specialised division of labour still associated with higher fertility?

March 10, 2021October 21, 2019 Muzhi Zhou and Man-Yee Kan
Europe, Fertility, Gender issues, Reproduction, Women

In Great Britain, compared to 20 years ago, the traditional gender division of labour is no longer benefiting fertility, note Muzhi Zhou and Man-Yee Kan. Nowadays, couples with more children … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Have conditions under which women undergo abortion improved around the world?

March 10, 2021June 24, 2019 Agnès Guillaume and Clémentine Rossier
abortion, Gender issues, Women, world

Agnès Guillaume and Clémentine Rossier review the evidence on abortion in the world since 1990. Few countries have liberalized their laws since then, and regressive movements are frequent. The diffusion … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Fertility preferences and reproductive outcomes in the developing world

March 10, 2021January 14, 2019 John Bongaarts and John Casterline
Africa, Americas, Fertility, Women

The implementation of fertility desires through contraception is imperfect, resulting in unplanned births and induced abortions. The highest unplanned pregnancy rates (over two pregnancies during a woman’s lifetime) are observed … Read more

Gender issues

Female political empowerment decreases mortality in developing countries

March 10, 2021December 10, 2018 Ross Macmillan, Naila Shofia and Wendy Sigle
Americas, Europe, Gender issues, Women

Gender equality in political participation may make a difference. Ross Macmillan, Naila Shofia, and Wendy Sigle show that women’s presence in national legislatures above a threshold of around 30 percent … Read more

Individual and population ageing, age structure

Is retirement detrimental to later-life cognition?

March 10, 2021December 3, 2018 Irene Mosca and Robert E. Wright
Europe, Gender issues, Health, Pensions, Women

A growing body of research has suggested that one way to preserve cognition in later-life is to delay retirement and continue to work into the later years. Irene Mosca and … Read more

Families and households

The myth of the sandwich generation in Brazil

March 9, 2021July 2, 2018 Maria Carolina Tomás, Everton Emanuel Campos de Lima and Bernardo Lanza Queiroz
Americas, Demography, Family, Women

Due to rapid and profound demographic changes, population age structure in Brazil has changed sharply in the past few years. Contrary to widespread belief, however, Maria Carolina Tomás, Everton Emanuel … Read more

Gender issues

Present and future of female genital mutilation/cutting in Europe

March 14, 2021June 25, 2018 Livia Elisa Ortensi
Africa, Asia, cutting, Europe, female genital mutilation, Gender issues, Health, mutilation, Women, world

Although previously unknown among natives in EU28, the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting is a present concern for European policymakers. As many as 500,000 foreign-born girls and women in Europe … Read more

Gender issues

Women, demography and politics

March 9, 2021June 18, 2018 Udi Sommer
Family, Fertility, Gender issues, Reproduction, Women

Demographic variables, female-related predictors in particular, have an independent effect on political structure. Comparing different countries over time, when fertility rates decline, we observe a growth in democracy.Due to changes … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Advanced maternal age and low birth weight

March 8, 2021May 7, 2018 Alice Goisis
Old age, Reproduction, Women

The negative association between advanced maternal age and low birth weight has become progressively weaker over time in the UK (between 1958-2001). This pattern, as Alice Goisis explains, is partly … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

U.S. teen mothers’ smoking risk in adulthood

March 8, 2021April 23, 2018 Stefanie Mollborn, Juhee Woo and Richard Rogers
Health, Women, Youth

After following about one thousand U.S. teen mothers into young adulthood, Stefanie Mollborn, Juhee Woo, and Richard Rogers, found that these women are 2.5 times as likely as other women … Read more

Families and households

Fewer consanguineous marriages of Muslims in Israel

March 8, 2021March 25, 2018 Jona Schellekens, Guy Kenan and Ahmad Hleihel
Asia, Marriage, Women

Consanguinity has important implications for public health as it increases the risk of passing on autosomal recessive genetic disorders to the next generation. Thus, it is important that we learn … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Parental leave uptake among migrant and native mothers in Belgium

March 7, 2021December 11, 2017 Tine Kil, Jonas Wood and Karel Neels
Children, Europe, Welfare, Women, Work

Family policies such as parental leave schemes increasingly support the work-family balance. Although labour force participation has increased in recent decades among mothers in majority populations, maternal employment levels and … Read more

Education, work, economy (socio-economic differences)

Poverty is falling faster for female-headed households in Africa

March 7, 2021November 6, 2017 Dominique van de Walle and Annamaria Milazzo
Africa, Marriage, Poverty, Women, Work

Living standards have risen generally, and poverty rates have fallen across Sub-Saharan Africa since the late 1990s (Chen and Ravallion, 2013). Less is known about how different groups have fared.In … Read more

Health and mortality

Unstable union history linked to higher childhood mortality risk

March 7, 2021October 30, 2017 Laurie F. DeRose
Children, Poverty, Separations, Women

The marriage-go-round can be a costly ride for children in post-industrial countries as family instability is associated with elevated risk of negative outcomes like teen pregnancy, depression, aggression, asthma, and … Read more

Families and households

Children born to a lone mother and their well-being in the UK

March 6, 2021September 25, 2017 Elena Mariani and Alice Goisis
Children, Divorces, Women

Numerous studies have looked at the relationship between family structure and child well-being. Overall, the evidence suggests that children who grow up in a household with two married biological parents, … Read more

Families and households

Sharing routine housework and desire for more children in East Asia

March 6, 2021September 21, 2017 Man-Yee Kan and Ekaterina Hertog
Asia, Family, Household, Marriage, Reproduction, Women

Low fertility levels have become a typical characteristic of industrialised countries where two distinct patterns are observed. A number of countries, especially in southern Europe and East Asia, have persistently … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Surrogacy: a multi-faceted phenomenon

March 6, 2021August 28, 2017 Virginie Rozée and Laurent Toulemon
Demography, Fertility, Reproduction, Welfare, Women

Although still rare among assisted reproductive technologies (ART)¹, surrogacy is a very controversial subject: some consider it as a new way to overcome infertility,others see it as a new reproductive … Read more

Families and households

Family planning in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya

March 6, 2021July 17, 2017 Donatien Beguy, Alex C. Ezeh, Blessing U. Mberu and Jacques B.O. Emina
Africa, Children, Family, Fertility, Gender issues, Health, Women

In Kenya, rapid population growth has occurred amidst poor urban governance and limited employment opportunities, leading to widespread urban poverty that is concentrated in informal settlements or slums. In Nairobi, … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Will international adoption be replaced by surrogacy?

March 5, 2021March 20, 2017 Jean-François Mignot
Demography, Fertility, Reproduction, Women

Until the 1960s and 1970s, infecund (sterile) Western couples who desired a child but could not have one of their own could usually adopt a child in their home country. … Read more

Families and households

Marriage then the baby carriage?

March 14, 2021March 6, 2017 Jennifer A. Holland
Europe, Marriage, Reproduction, Women

The mid-20th-century was a Golden Age of marriage in Europe and the United States. People married early, usually in their early-to-mid-20s, and often, with over 90% of people marrying at … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Eradicating induced abortion? Lessons from 20th Century France

March 14, 2021February 27, 2017 Fabrice Cahen
abortion, Children, Fecondity, Mortality, Reproduction, sex, Women

In France, for two decades – roughly from the late 1930s to the late 1950s – induced abortion was not only prohibited, it was well and truly the target of … Read more

Mobility, migration and foreigners

Assimilation and birth outcomes of Hispanics in the US

March 5, 2021February 13, 2017 Osea Giuntella
Americas, Marriage, Migration, Women

The immigrant health effect is a well-known public health fact observed in many advanced economies. Immigrants tend to be healthier than natives, though their health advantage erodes over time.In the … Read more

Gender issues

The geography of female-breadwinner and equal-income couples in Europe

March 4, 2021November 28, 2016 Agnese Vitali and Bruno Arpino
Europe, Gender issues, Women, Work

An increasing number of couples today are dependent upon women’s labour income. Along with an increase in dual-earner couples, couples where the woman out-earns her partner are also on the … Read more

Gender issues

Beyond mothers who father: the study of female headship

March 4, 2021November 7, 2016 Chia Liu
Americas, Children, Gender issues, Reproduction, Separations, Women, Work

More than half of a century has passed since Edith Clark first wrote “My Mother Who Fathered Me” in 1957, a classic study on single motherhood (marriage, sex, and concubinage) … Read more

Fertility and reproduction

Adolescent fertility in Latin America and the Caribbean

March 4, 2021May 9, 2016 Jorge Rodriguez Vignoli
Americas, Children, Fertility, Gender issues, Reproduction, Women, Youth

Up until the 1970s, the Latin American and Caribbean region stood out for its high levels of fertility. Decline was rapid in subsequent years, but adolescent fertility in the region … Read more

Health and mortality

Smoking in Italy since World War II

March 4, 2021May 2, 2016 Carl Ipsen
Europe, Gender issues, Istat, smoke, Women

Smoking has obviously and significantly impacted human mortality. And while the death toll from smoking may be its most striking legacy, the study of smoking also reveals aspects of social, … Read more

Health and mortality

Is there a gender bias in births and child mortality in Indonesia?

March 3, 2021February 8, 2016 Christophe Z Guilmoto
Asia, Children, Fertility, Gender issues, Mortality, Reproduction, Women

Son preference and gender bias, which are revealed in births and child mortality, tend to be concentrated in South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Europe, and the South Caucasus—places where patrilineal … Read more

Gender issues

If American women have it so bad, why should India’s women not “not join” the labor force?

March 14, 2021January 18, 2016 Alaka Basu
Americas, Asia, Gender issues, Oceania, Women, Work

If there is one gender issue that has mainstream America rightly roiled up today, it has to do with women and work, or more specifically, women at work. Never-ending reports in … Read more

Valeria Solesin
Gender issues

Allez les filles, au travail!

March 3, 2021November 18, 2015 Valeria Solesin
Education, Welfare, Women, Work

Freanch version below Two years ago, Neodemos received an article from Valeria SOLESIN, a young student who was then unknown to most demographers, in Italy or elsewhere. She was later … Read more

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