Tag Archives: Gender issues
Accelerating fertility decline through education and family planning
Accélérer la baisse de la fécondité grâce à l’éducation et la planification familiale
Daphne H. Liu, Adrian E. Raftery
Daphne H. Liu and Adrian E. Raftery find that increasing women’s educational attainment and contraceptive prevalence can have an accelerating effect on fertility decline in high-fertility countries, with a larger effect for the latter.
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Same-sex marriages in Sweden: 20 years of change
Mariages entre personnes de même sexe en Suède: 20 ans d’évolution
Martin Kolk, Gunnar Andersson
Martin Kolk and Gunnar Andersson study the evolution of same-sex marriages, childbearing and divorce in Sweden. They highlight increases in childbearing and marriage of female couples in particular, and a stabilization of divorce risks.
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Free childcare could increase African women’s economic empowerment
Services gratuits de garde d’enfants: un moyen d’accroître l’autonomie économique des femmes africaines
Shelley Clark, Caroline Kabiru, Sonia Laszlo, Stella Muthuri
Offering free daycare services could substantially increase female employment in Africa. Results from a randomized control trial conducted by Shelley Clark, Caroline Kabiru, Sonia Laszlo, and Stella Muthuri in an informal settlement in Nairobi,
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Is the traditional gender-specialised division of labour still associated with higher fertility?
La répartition genrée des tâches est-elle encore associée à une fécondité plus élevée ?
Zhou Muzhi, Man-Yee Kan
In Great Britain, compared to 20 years ago, the traditional gender division of labour is no longer benefiting fertility, note Muzhi Zhou and Man-Yee Kan. Nowadays, couples with more children are less likely to adopt the male-breadwinner, female-homemaker model,
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Persistence and reversals in Nordic fertility
Fécondité des pays nordiques : certaines tendances persistent, d’autres se renversent
Marika Jalovaara, Gerda Neyer, Gunnar Andersson
Many studies find that highly educated women have few children and high level of childlessness, but as Marika Jalovaara and colleagues show, the patterns in the Nordic countries have changed remarkably:
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Gender equality and fertility: is there a connection?
Égalité des sexes et fécondité: existe-t-il un lien?
Martin Kolk
In the last decades, researchers have suggested that gender equality may have a positive effect on fertility in high-income countries. While this conjecture appears to be true cross-sectionally, it does not seem to work longitudinally (same country over time), as Martin Kolk shows.
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Gender gaps in life expectancy and alcohol consumption in Eastern Europe
Écarts d’espérance de vie entre hommes et femmes et consommation d’alcool en Europe orientale
Sergi Trias-Llimós, Fanny Janssen
Female life expectancy is higher than that of males, and this gender gap is largest in Eastern Europe. Sergi Trias-Llimós and Fanny Janssen show that alcohol-attributable mortality explained
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Female political empowerment decreases mortality in developing countries
La participation politique des femmes réduit la mortalité dans les pays en développement
Ross Macmillan, Naila Shofia, Wendy Sigle
Gender equality in political participation may make a difference. Ross Macmillan, Naila Shofia, and Wendy Sigle show that women’s presence in national legislatures above a threshold of around 30 percent is associated with significant declines in childhood and maternal mortality, even after controlling for other features of women’s status like education and labour force participation.
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Is retirement detrimental to later-life cognition?
La retraite nuit-elle aux fonctions cognitives des seniors ?
Irene Mosca, Robert E. Wright
A growing body of research has suggested that one way to preserve cognition in later-life is to delay retirement and continue to work into the later years. Irene Mosca and Robert E. Wright test this hypothesis using data for older Irish women. They find that women who have been retired for longer have lower cognition.
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In Sweden, women move to their partner’s home at union formation
En Suède, ce sont les femmes qui déménagent chez leur conjoint lors de la mise en couple
Maria Brandén, Karen Haandrikman
Women tend to adapt to their male spouse when families move. Maria Brandén and Karen Haandrikman examine whether this is also true for the moves couples make when forming a union.
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Present and future of female genital mutilation/cutting in Europe
Mutilations génitales féminines/excision en Europe: état des lieux et perspectives
Livia Elisa Ortensi
Although previously unknown among natives in EU28, the practice of female genital mutilation/cutting is a present concern for European policymakers. As many as 500,000 foreign-born girls and women in Europe have probably undergone the practice
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The rights of homosexual families in Europe: the LawsAndFamilies database
Les droits des familles homosexuelles en Europe : la base de données LawsAndFamilies
Arianna Caporali, Marie Digoix
Starting in the late 1980s, new laws concerning same-sex unions were passed, first in Denmark (registered partnerships in 1989) and the Netherlands (marriage in 2001), and then in several other European countries
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Family planning in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya
Planning familial dans les bidonvilles de Nairobi, Kenya
Donatien Beguy, Alex C. Ezeh, Blessing U. Mberu, Jacques B.O. Emina
In Kenya, rapid population growth has occurred amidst poor urban governance and limited employment opportunities, leading to widespread urban poverty that is concentrated in informal settlements or slums.
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Past fertility and living alone in later life in Spain
La fécondité et le risque de vivre seule au grand âge en Espagne
David S. Reher, Miguel Requena
The prevalence of living alone during later life varies widely across developed countries but everywhere its recent growth has been remarkable, even in societies with traditionally strong family ties. Fertility has been very low in these countries for decades now, especially in the eastern and southern fringes of Europe, and there are simultaneous increases in
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Gender quotas beat Italy’s “male gerontocracy”
Les quotas de genre ébranlent la “gérontocratie masculine” en Italie
Giulia Ferrari, Valeria Ferraro, Paola Profeta, Chiara Pronzato
A boost to female empowerment Women are underrepresented in top positions everywhere in the world.
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The geography of female-breadwinner and equal-income couples in Europe
La géographie européenne des couples où la femme gagne autant ou plus que l’homme
Agnese Vitali, Bruno Arpino
An increasing number of couples today are dependent upon women’s labour income. Along with an increase in dual-earner couples, couples where the woman out-earns her partner are also on the rise in Europe (Vitali and Mendola 2014).
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Beyond mothers who father: the study of female headship
Au-delà des pères absents: les ménages où le chef de famille est une femme
Chia Liu
More than half of a century has passed since Edith Clark first wrote “My Mother Who Fathered Me” in 1957, a classic study on single motherhood (marriage, sex, and concubinage) in Jamaica at the time. The Caribbean, along with Latin America, continue to experience high levels of non-marital childbearing today.
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Bilan de dix ans de mariage universel en Espagne (2005-2014)
Ten years of universal marriage in Spain (2005-2014)
Alberto Capote
En 2005, l’Espagne est devenue le troisième pays de l’Union Européenne à légaliser le mariage pour les personnes du même sexe, après les Pays Bas en 2001 et la Belgique en 2003.
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On marriage, happiness, and gender specialization of work
Le mariage, le bonheur et la spécialisation genrée du travail
Małgorzata Mikucka
The married are happier and more satisfied with their lives than the unmarried (Verbakel, 2012; Gove et al., 1990). Yet, as divorce and cohabitation increase, we may be facing a “retreat from marriage” (Cherlin, 2004). Besides, the life satisfaction advantage of being married (i.e., the difference between the average life satisfaction of married and unmarried
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How women in South Korea juggle work and family life
La difficile conciliation entre travail et vie familiale en Corée
Li Ma
Employment and childbearing are important stages in a woman’s life course. Their relationship is influenced not only by individual characteristics, but also by the socio-economic and institutional context. Availability of childcare services, flexible working hours, and paid leave with job protection after childbirth
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Adolescent fertility in Latin America and the Caribbean
La fécondité des adolescentes en Amérique latine et dans les Antilles
Jorge Rodriguez Vignoli
Up until the 1970s, the Latin American and Caribbean region stood out for its high levels of fertility. Decline was rapid in subsequent years, but adolescent fertility in the region is still a concern: it is the second highest in the world, after sub-Saharan Africa (Figure 1). According to the latest censuses and surveys, approximately
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Smoking in Italy since World War II
Fumer en Italie, depuis 1950
Carl Ipsen
Smoking has obviously and significantly impacted human mortality. And while the death toll from smoking may be its most striking legacy, the study of smoking also reveals aspects of social, cultural, economic and political history, all areas that I explore in my monograph on the history of smoking in Italy in the nineteenth and twentieth
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Is there a gender bias in births and child mortality in Indonesia ?
Peut-on parler de discrimination sexuelle en Indonésie?
Christophe Z. Guilmoto
Son preference and gender bias, which are revealed in births and child mortality, tend to be concentrated in South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Europe, and the South Caucasus—places where patrilineal and patrilocal family systems prevail.
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The Merry-go-round of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals
Le manège autour des Objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies
Alaka Basu
Advocacy is a funny thing. If you feel strongly enough about a cause, as everyone in international development does these days, it is no longer enough to campaign for something simply for its own sake.
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If American women have it so bad, why should India’s women not “not join” the labor force?
Pour les Indiennes comme pour les Américaines, intégrer le marché du travail n’est pas aussi facile qu’on le décrit.
Alaka Basu
If there is one gender issue that has mainstream America rightly roiled up today, it has to do with women and work, or more specifically, women at work.
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